Research on Novel Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease:An Observational, Multicenter, Non-Randomized Controlled Study

Inclusion criteria

• Patients with clinically defined or probable PD：According to the 2015 MDS diagnostic criteria, patients diagnosed with "clinically confirmed PD" regardless of age, gender, and meeting Hoehn\&Yahr staging ≤ 2.5 were included as case group one, which met \[Parkinson's syndrome+at least two supportive criteria+no absolute

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with clinically probable PD：According to the 2015 MDS diagnostic criteria, patients diagnosed with "clinically probable PD", regardless of age or gender, and meeting Hoehn\&Yahr staging ≤ 2.5 were included as case group two, i.e. patients who met \[Parkinson's syndrome+no absolute exclusion criteria+1/2 supportive criteria+1/2 warning signs\]
• MSA group：Adult onset (\>30 years old), sporadic and progressive development, and possessing the following characteristics: 1 Has one of the following two conditions: ① Parkinson's syndrome with levodopa adverse response (bradykinesia, accompanied by muscle rigidity, tremors, or postural instability), ② cerebellar dysfunction: gait ataxia, accompanied by cerebellar articulation disorders, limb ataxia, or cerebellar eye movement disorders; 2. At least one manifestation of autonomic dysfunction is present: ① urinary incontinence (inability to control bladder urination, male with erectile dysfunction), ② orthostatic hypotension (a decrease in systolic blood pressure of ≥ 30mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 15mmHg after standing for 3 minutes).
• PSP group：Clinical diagnosis and likely PSP included in the Chinese progressive supranuclear palsy clinical diagnostic criteria developed by the Parkinson's disease and motor disorders group of the Neurology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association in 2016;
• Healthy subjects：Healthy population matched with age and gender in the experimental group In addition to the selected patients, a study will also be conducted on patient data in the reference database of the proposing institution.
• Exclusion Criteria:
• Patients who do not consent to study participation
• Secondary Parkinson's syndrome caused by vascular factors, drugs, etc
• Severe cognitive impairment, AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases