Transthoracic vs Transbronchial Cryoablation for Early-stage Peripheral Lung Cancer

Inclusion criteria

• Age older than 18 years.
• Primary peripheral lung cancer diagnosed by pathology and pre-procedure staging examination suggesting clinical stage T1N0M0, stage IA (including postoperative new and multiple primary).
• The target lesion was evaluated to be feasible for both CT and bronchoscopy-guided ablation.
• Patients who are not suitable for surgery or refuse surgery, agree to undergo initial ablation therapy and sign informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with platelets \<70×109/L, severe bleeding tendency and coagulation dysfunction that cannot be corrected in a short term.
• Patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
• Infectious and radioactive inflammation around the lesion, skin infection at the puncture site that is not well controlled, systemic infection, high fever \>38.5°C.
• Patients with severe hepatic, renal, cardiac, pulmonary and cerebral insufficiency, severe anaemia, dehydration and serious disorders of nutritional metabolism that cannot be corrected or improved in a short term.
• Those with poorly controlled malignant pleural effusions.
• Anticoagulation therapy and/or anti-platelet drugs (except dabigatran, rivaroxaban and other new oral anticoagulants) have not been discontinued more than 5\~7d before ablation.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score \>2.
• Combination with other tumors with extensive metastases and an expected survival of \<6 months.
• Patients with episodic psychosis.
• Pregnant women, or patients with pregnancy plan during the study period.
• Have participated or are participating in other clinical studies within 30 days.
• Any other condition that the investigator considers inappropriate for participation in this study.