Efficacy and Safety of Teplizumab in Japanese Participants With Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female Japanese participant, 1 (inclusive) to 34 years (inclusive) of age, at the time of signing the informed consent. Japanese: born in Japan or ethnic Japanese born outside of Japan, and a descendent of 4 ethnic Japanese grandparents who were all born in Japan.
• Confirmed diagnosis of Stage 2 T1D based on following criteria:
• Participant is positive for 2 or more T1D related auto-antibodies (confirmed by written medical history and/or obtained at study screening). The autoantibodies that are to be confirmed are anti-GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase), anti-IA2 (insulinoma-associated antigen 2), anti-insulin, anti-ZnT8 (zinc transporter 8), and/or ICA (islet cell antibody).
• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or blood HbA1c confirms the participant has dysglycemia without overt hyperglycemia.
• Participant must be in good health (except for being Stage 2 T1D) as determined by medical e)valuation including medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram (ECG) XE " ECG " \\f Abbreviation \\t "electrocardiogram" .
• Participant is up to date with routine age-appropriate immunizations according to current local specific guideline prior to randomization.
• Female participants should use contraceptives consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.
• A female participant is considered fertile (woman of childbearing potential - WOCBP) from the time of menarche until becoming postmenopausal unless permanently sterile. Female participants are eligible to participate if one of the following conditions applies:
• Is a woman of nonchildbearing potential (WONCBP) OR
• Is a WOCBP and agrees to keep abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent, or use other highly effective contraceptive method, from signing of the informed consent to at least 3 months and 2 weeks after randomization and agrees not to donate or cryopreserve eggs (ova, oocytes) for the purpose of reproduction during this period.
• A WOCBP must have at least a negative highly sensitive pregnancy test within 48 hours before the administration of study intervention.
• If a urine test cannot be confirmed as negative (eg, an ambiguous result), a blood pregnancy test is required. In such cases, the participant must be excluded from participation if the serum pregnancy result is positive.
• Participants are excluded from the study if any of the following criteria apply:
• Any presence of clinically relevant cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, hepatic, renal, metabolic (except Stage 2 T1D), hematological, neurological, osteomuscular, articular, psychiatric, systemic, ocular, gynecologic (if female), or infectious disease, or signs of acute illness.
• Participant has clinical signs and symptoms consistent with COVID19, eg, fever, dry cough, dyspnea, loss of taste and smell, sore throat, fatigue or confirmed infection by appropriate laboratory test within the last 4 weeks prior to Screening. Participant who had severe course of COVID-19 (ie, hospitalization, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mechanically ventilated).
• For participant ≥18 years, blood donation of 400 mL within 12 weeks (male) or 16 weeks (female), 200 mL within 4 weeks or apheresis donation within 2 weeks before randomization; for participant \<18 years, blood donation of any volume within 16 weeks before randomization; for any participant, blood transfusion (any volume) within 2 months before randomization.
• Presence or history of drug hypersensitivity to any biologic medication, or clinically significant allergic disease as diagnosed and treated by a physician. Participants with known hypersensitivity to teplizumab or components of the teplizumab injection (including sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, polysorbate 80).
• Participants with a history of active or latent or inactive tuberculosis (TB), including chest X-ray consistent with TB, regardless of treatment, or have a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test or T-SPOT TB test at screening.
• At screening, participant has laboratory or clinical evidence of acute or clinically active infection with Epstein Barr virus (EBV), or history of infectious mononucleosis within 3 months before enrollment.
• At screening, participant has laboratory or clinical evidence of acute or clinically active infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV).
• Participants with a history of invasive opportunistic infections, such as histoplasmosis, listeriosis, coccidioidomycosis, candidiasis, pneumocystis jirovecii, aspergillosis, irrespective of resolution.
• Participants have other autoimmune diseases, except clinically stable autoimmune thyroid disease, or celiac disease.
• Participants with a history of malignancy occurring within 5 years before randomization (except successfully treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or adequately treated nonmetastatic squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma of the skin).
• Participants with fever (temperature ≥38.0°C) within 48 hours before randomization; or with chronic persistent or recurring infection(s) requiring active treatment with antibiotics, antiviral or antifungals within 4 weeks before randomization; or with other frequent recurrent infections deemed unacceptable as per Investigator's judgement.
• If female, pregnancy (defined as positive blood or urine pregnancy test) or breast-feeding.
• Participant has recent or planned vaccinations as follows:
• Live vaccines: within 8 weeks before randomization, and/or within 54 weeks after randomization.
• Non-live vaccines: any initial non-live vaccination within 2 weeks before randomization, and/or within 8 weeks after randomization.
• Participant has a current or prior (within 30 days before randomization) treatment that is known to cause a significant, ongoing change in the course of T1D or immunologic status, including high dose, inhaled, extensive topical, or systemic glucocorticoids.
• Participant has a current or prior (within 30 days before randomization) treatment that is known to significantly influence glucose tolerance (anti-hyperglycemic agents, atypical antipsychotics, diphenylhydantoin, niacin etc.).
• Participant has received any anti-CD3 (cluster of differentiation 3) antibody treatment (including teplizumab) before randomization.
• Participant who has received any biologic therapy within five half-lives of the therapy or within 6 months before randomization whichever is longer, or plan to receive any biologic therapy within 6 weeks after randomization.
• Any participant enrolled or having participated, in this or any other clinical study involving an investigational medicinal product (IMP) or in any other type of medical research and is still in the exclusion period according to applicable regulations (eg, having received an IMP of new active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within 4 months or that of an approved API within 3 months before the administration of this study's IMP).
• Participant has any of the following hematologic parameters before randomization:
• Lymphocyte count \<1.0 ×109/L.
• Neutrophil count \<1.5 ×109/L.
• Platelet count \<150 ×109/L.
• Hemoglobin \<100 g/L.
• Participant has any of the following liver function test abnormalities before randomization:
• AST \>2 × ULN (upper limit normal).
• ALT \>2 × ULN.
• Total bilirubin \>1.5 × ULN with the exception of participants with the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome who may be eligible provided they have no other causes leading to hyperbilirubinemia.
• Positive result on any of the following tests:
• Hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B core antibody confirmed by positive HBV-DNA (hepatitis B virus DNA).
• Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody confirmed by positive HCV-RNA (hepatitis C virus RNA).
• Human immunodeficiency virus antigen/ antibodies.
• Positive SARS-CoV-2 test.
• Participant who has contraindications or known allergy to both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, or anti-histamines and in the opinion of the Investigator, cannot participate in the study.
• Participant not suitable for participation, whatever the reason, as judged by the Investigator, including medical or clinical conditions, or participants potentially at risk of noncompliance to study procedures.
• The above information is not intended to contain all considerations relevant to a participant's potential participation in a clinical trial.