Investigating Datopotamab Deruxtecan Plus Durvalumab Versus Datopotamab Deruxtecan in Patients With PDL1-negative Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Inclusion criteria

• Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
• Ability to comply with the protocol.
• Female ≥ 18 years of age.
• Triple-negative disease, defined as tumour cells being:
• Negative for ER with \<10% of tumour cells positive for ER on IHC or IHC score (Allred) of ≤3.
• Negative for PR with \<10% of tumour cells positive for PR on IHC or IHC score (Allred) of ≤3 or PR unknown, and
• Negative for HER2 with 0, 1+ or 2+ intensity on IHC and no evidence of amplification on ISH.
• PDL1 negative, defined as 22C3 CPS\<10.
• Patients must have:
• at least one lesion, not previously irradiated, that can be measured accurately at baseline as ≥ 10mm in the longest diameter (except lymph nodes which must have short axis ≥ 15mm) with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed within 28 days prior to randomisation which is suitable for accurate repeated measurements, or
• lytic or mixed (lytic + sclerotic) bone lesions in the absence of measurable disease as defined above; patients with sclerotic/osteoblastic bone lesions only in the absence of measurable disease are not eligible. Patient that cannot be assessed by the CT or MRI should be excluded from the study.
• Representative formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tumour samples with an associated pathology report from the primary or recurrent cancer that are determined to be available and sufficient for central testing OR tumour accessible for biopsy.
• ECOG performance status 0-1.
• Life expectancy ≥12 weeks.
• Adequate haematologic and end-organ function within 28 days prior to the first study treatment defined by the following:
• Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1500 cells/μL (1.5 x 109/L) (without granulocyte) colony-stimulating factor support within 2 weeks prior to Cycle 1, Day 1).
• WBC \> 2500/μL (2.5 x 109/L).
• Platelet count ≥ 100,000/μL (100 x 109/L) (transfusion not permitted within 28 days of study medication).
• Haemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL (90g/L) with no blood transfusions (packed red blood cells).
• Serum albumin ≥ 3g/dL.
• AST (SGOT) or ALT (SGPT) and ALP ≤ 2.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN), bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN (patients with liver metastases who have AST or ALT ≤ 5 x the institutional ULN may be enrolled).
• aPTT ≤ 1.5 × the institutional ULN, INR \<1.5 and absence of evidence of impaired hepatic synthesis function. This applies only to patients who are not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation; patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation should be on a stable dose.
• Serum Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x institutional ULN.
• Glomerular filtration rate ≥ 40mL/min as assessed by standard methodology at the investigating center (i.e., Cockcroft Gault, MDRD or CKD-EPI formulae, EDTA clearance or 24 h urine collection).
• No evidence of haematuria: +++ on microscopy or dipstick.
• Patients of childbearing potential are eligible provided they have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test on Cycle 1, Day 1 (within 72 hours) of study treatment, preferably as close to the first dose as possible. Patients must agree to use adequate contraception, defined as those methods with a failure rate of \< 1 % per year beginning 14 days before the first dose of study drug and for 7 months after the last dose of study drug. Also, participants must not donate, or retrieve for their own use, ova at any time during this study and for at least 7 months after the last dose of treatment. Preservation of ova should be considered prior to randomisation or the first dose of study intervention.
• Body Weight \> 30 kg.

Exclusion criteria

• Prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy (including durvalumab) or treatment with PARP inhibitors for advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
• Prior treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (eg atezolizumab, pembrolizumab) or DNA topoisomerase I or TROP2- or HER2-targeting ADCs and TROP2 targeted therapy in the (neo)adjuvant setting within 6 months from the end of treatment and randomisation into this study.
• Patients with prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplantation.
• Patients must not have a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent), or had oral or IV steroids for 14 days prior to the first dose of study drug; the use of intranasal, inhaled corticosteroids topical steroids, or local steroid injections, physiologic replacement doses of glucocorticoids (i.e. for adrenal insufficiency) and mineralocorticoids (e.g. fludrocortisone) or steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., CT scan premedication is allowed.
• Administration of a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (eg, FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed.
• Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders including but not limited to myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, , rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, vascular thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis , Sjögren's syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, or glomerulonephritis. The following are exceptions to this criterion:
• Patients with vitiligo or alopecia
• Patients with hypothyroidism (e.g., following Hashimoto syndrome) stable on hormone replacement therapy
• Any chronic skin condition that does not require systemic therapy
• Patients without active disease in the last 5 years may be included
• Patients with celiac disease controlled by diet alone
• History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (including pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease), drug-induced pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia (i.e., bronchiolitis obliterans, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia) requiring steroids, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest CT scan.
• Active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• History of HIV infection.
• Known active hepatitis infection (defined as having a positive hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] test at screening) or hepatitis C. Patients with past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or resolved HBV infection (defined as having a negative HBsAg test and a positive antibody to hepatitis B core antigen \[anti-HBc\] antibody test) are eligible. Patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is negative for HCV RNA.
• Known history of active tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that may include clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, or tuberculosis testing in line with local practice).
• Any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding that, in the investigator's opinion, gives reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug, may affect the interpretation of the results, render the patient at high risk from treatment complications or interferes with obtaining informed consent.
• Psychological, familial, sociological, or geographical conditions that do not permit compliance with the study protocol.
• Concurrent treatment with other experimental drugs or participation in another clinical trial with therapeutic intent within 28 days prior to randomisation.
• Pregnant and lactating female patients.
• Major surgical procedure within 4 weeks prior to randomisation or anticipation of need for a major surgical procedure during the course of the study other than for diagnosis.
• Malignancies other than breast cancer within 5 years prior to Cycle 1, Day 1, with the exception of those with a negligible risk of metastasis or death and treated with expected curative outcome (such as adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix, basal or squamous cell skin cancer, or ductal carcinoma in situ treated surgically with curative intent).
• Severe infections within 28 days prior to randomisation in the study including but not limited to hospitalization for complications of infection, bacteraemia, or severe pneumonia.
• Any unresolved toxicity NCI CTCAE Grade ≥2 from previous anticancer therapy with the exception of alopecia, vitiligo, and the laboratory values defined in the inclusion criteria:
• Patients with Grade ≥2 neuropathy will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis after consultation with the Study Physician.
• Patients with irreversible toxicity not reasonably expected to be exacerbated by treatment with durvalumab may be included only after consultation with the Study Physician.
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness, including but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, interstitial lung disease, serious chronic gastrointestinal conditions associated with diarrhea, situations that would limit compliance with study requirement, substantially increase risk of incurring AEs.
• History of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
• Has clinically significant corneal disease.
• Has a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to other monoclonal antibodies.
• History of active primary immunodeficiency.
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs or any of the study drug excipients.
• Brain metastases or neoplastic spinal cord compression. Patients whose brain metastases have been treated may participate provided they show radiographic stability (defined as 2 brain images, both of which are obtained after treatment to the brain metastases. These imaging scans should both be obtained at least four weeks apart and show no evidence of intracranial progression. In addition, any neurologic symptoms that developed either as a result of the brain metastases or their treatment must have resolved or be stable either, without the use of steroids, or are stable on a steroid dose of ≤10mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent and anticonvulsants for at least 14 days prior to the start of treatment. Brain metastases will not be recorded as RECIST Target Lesions at baseline.
• Mean QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) ≥470 ms calculated from 3 ECGs (within 15 minutes at 5 minutes apart).
• Patients who have received prior anti-PD-1, anti PD-L1 or anti CTLA-4:
• Must not have experienced a toxicity that led to permanent discontinuation of prior immunotherapy.
• All AEs while receiving prior immunotherapy must have completely resolved or resolved to baseline prior to screening for this study.
• Must not have experienced a ≥Grade 3 immune related AE or an immune related neurologic or ocular AE of any grade while receiving prior immunotherapy. NOTE: Patients with endocrine AE of ≤Grade 2 are permitted to enroll if they are stably maintained on appropriate replacement therapy and are asymptomatic.
• Must not have required the use of additional immunosuppression other than corticosteroids for the management of an AE, not have experienced recurrence of an AE if re-challenged, and not currently require maintenance doses of \> 10 mg prednisone or equivalent per day.